PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.